2024 Osseous abnormality

Summary. When you lose bone minerals quicker than you can replace them, it’s called bone demineralization. This can lead to other health conditions, including osteoporosis. About 60% of your .... Nit women's basketball tournament 2023 bracket

: an underlying bony abnormality of the vertebra that results in a relatively fixed spinal curve ... Structural osseous abnormalities. The presence of vertebral ...Sleep disorders include any abnormality in a person's sleep patterns. Learn about the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Advertisement From insomnia to narcolepsy, sleep d...During a bone biopsy, a surgeon will use a needle to take a small sample of your bone. The sample may reveal abnormalities in the bone’s cells. This will lead the doctor to the cause of the hip ...The incidence of the glenoid and humeral osseous defects is very high in patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. 1,2,3,4) Recent clinical studies 5,6) pointed out that these osseous defects cause postoperative instability. Shoulder surgeons need to be aware of the critical size of these osseous defects since the surgical ...Patellofemoral arthritis is diagnosed when there is significant loss of cartilage from the joint surface of the patella and the trochlea (the groove in the femur where the kneecap rests). The diagnosis is restricted to arthritis seen only in this compartment of the knee. (If degenerative changes are also present in the lateral, medial and ...Nov 1, 2019 · Skeletal limb abnormalities are problems in the bone structure of your arms or legs. They can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (after birth). They can affect a part of your limb or the entire limb. Learn about the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for these conditions. Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that belongs to a group of diseases known as ectodermal dysplasias. Ectodermal dysplasias typically affect the hair, teeth, nails, and/or skin. TDO syndrome may be apparent at birth due to kinky curly hair that is present in all affected newborns with hair.Injuries of the hand and wrist are frequently encountered in radiology. Avulsions of the hand and wrist are a heterogeneous group of injuries, but they often have a characteristic imaging appearance that relates to the intricate bone and soft-tissue anatomy and the mechanism of injury. The imaging appearance and this intricate form and …Other rarer bone abnormalities are observed in patients with NF1. Cystic osseous lesions, often identified incidentally during radiographic knee exam, are occasionally seen in the absence of tumors or long bone dysplasia [Colby and Saul, 2003; Lee and Cho, 2006]. The lesions rarely fracture or show progressive deformity, and …These findings suggest that ultrasound diathermy, and its interaction with bone tissue through thermal mechanisms, can cause focal bone marrow abnormalities. Furthermore, the bone marrow abnormalities seem to be transient, resolving upon cessation of ultrasound diathermy, therefore osteonecrosis should be differentiated from …Pulmonary ossification is a rare finding and is characterized by the presence of mature bone in alveolar or interstitial spaces, either localized or disseminated throughout the lung parenchyma. It can be idiopathic ( idiopathic pulmonary ossification) or secondary to chronic lung, cardiac or systemic disorders.Abstract. Advanced imaging of the osseous structures of the wrist by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yields powerful information regarding marrow composition and overall bone structure. Various forms of pathology, both benign and malignant, have unique marrow signal abnormalities that can be easily detected by MRI given its high sensitivity to ...acute osseous abnormality was identified (Belanger & Rowe, 2001; Kuperus et al., 2020; Le et al., 2021; Luo & Varacallo, 2021). The patient was referred to physical therapy for stretching, core strengthening, postural cues, and pain relief modalities. He was instructed on spine precau-tions, with avoidance of heavy lifting, repetitive bending,Vaginal discharge can be an uncomfortable topic for people to talk about. Like any health topic, though, it is important to know the basics so that you can better understand your b...Occult osseous knee injuries, such as bone bruises, can produce persistent pain and functional loss. Although bone bruises cannot be identified through direct examination or traditional radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an effective diagnostic method. Nevertheless, the natural history of these injuries remains to be ...As the extent of osseous stress-related changes progress, marrow edema may become more intense and more extensive with eventual intracortical signal abnormality ...Anterior femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a major etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of hip arthritis. In this condition, mechanical abnormalities of the hip joint lead to early hip dysfunction, inflammation, cartilage injury, and eventual joint degradation. FAI is now more commonly diagnosed and there is an increasing need for a ...Reviewed/Revised Sep 2023. Craniocervical junction abnormalities are congenital or acquired abnormalities of the occipital bone, foramen magnum, or first two cervical vertebrae that decrease the space for the lower brain stem and cervical cord. These abnormalities can result in neck pain; syringomyelia; cerebellar, lower cranial nerve, and ...13 Aug 2020 ... Disease Overview. Summary. Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is an extremely rare disorder characterized by abnormal development of bone in ...Osseous abnormality means an abnormality of bone that can be seen on imaging tests. It does not tell the diagnosis, the cause or the severity of the abnormality. Learn more about different types of osseous abnormalities and how they are described by radiologists.Abstract. One of the most common knee injuries is ligament tear, which may initially manifest as an osseous injury in radiographs. Radiologists should therefore be able to recognize ligament tears of the knee as osseous abnormalities in images. This review focuses on the imaging features of knee ligament injuries and their related osseous ...Surface-rendered 3D images in vascular algorithm (by using a 3D image workstation Vitrea II, Vital Imaging) demonstrate capillary blush in the left vertex crossing the midline, left temporal-parietal skull, periorbital, and maxillary regions corresponding to the known facial port-wine stain (V1 and V2 distribution), as well as sites of osseous hypertrophy.Anterior shoulder instability results in a variety of soft-tissue and osseous injuries. Injury to the anterior capsuloligamentous structures, the most common type of soft-tissue injury (i.e., Bankart lesion and variants) and its surgical management are well known and have been described extensively in both the radiologic and orthopedic literature [1–18].Osseous tissue refers to the rigid, calcified connective tissue found in the bones of higher vertebrates. This type of tissue is commonly referred to as bone tissue. Osseous tissue...Abstract. Advanced imaging of the osseous structures of the wrist by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yields powerful information regarding marrow composition and overall bone structure. Various forms of pathology, both benign and malignant, have unique marrow signal abnormalities that can be easily detected by MRI given its high sensitivity to ...Over time, the cartilage that connects the bone or bones underneath the cartilage can become damaged. This can lead to glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Key symptoms of this form of osteoarthritis ...Major osseous defect, right ankle and foot. M89.771 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM M89.771 became effective on October 1, 2023. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of M89.771 - other international versions of ICD-10 M89.771 may differ.Degenerative changes in the spine are a form of osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis. Learn about the causes, symptoms and treatments of this …It is also called cloverleaf skull. Oxycephaly: A birth defect characterized by abnormalities in the skull and facial bones. This syndrome causes the top of the skull to be pointed or cone-shaped. It is caused by a premature fusing of the coronal and sagittal sutures. It is also known as turricephaly or high-head syndrome.Background Acetabular labral tears are being diagnosed with increasing frequency and there is a growing consensus that these tears rarely occur in the absence of osseous abnormalities. Questions/purposes We therefore determined the presence of structural abnormalities in patients with acetabular labral tears using a standardized CT …Nov 1, 2019 · Skeletal limb abnormalities are problems in the bone structure of your arms or legs. They can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (after birth). They can affect a part of your limb or the entire limb. Learn about the types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for these conditions. 30 Jul 2021 ... ... abnormal fibro-osseous tissue. It can result in pain, deformity, fractures, or abnormalities in bone mechanics. This condition was ...Calvarial abnormalities are usually discovered incidentally on radiologic studies or less commonly manifest with symptoms. This narrative review describes the imaging spectrum of the abnormal calvaria. The extent, multiplicity, and other imaging features of calvarial abnormalities can be combined with the clinical information to …Cervical spondylosis is a general term for age-related wear and tear affecting the spinal disks in your neck. As the disks dehydrate and shrink, signs of osteoarthritis develop, including bony projections along the edges of bones (bone spurs). Cervical spondylosis is very common and worsens with age. More than 85% of people older than age 60 ...As the bone grows, the softer, fibrous tissue expands, weakening the bone. The abnormality causes uneven growth, brittleness and deformity in affected bones. Fibrous dysplasia is found equally in males and females and does not appear to vary in incidence among the races. Symptoms and risk factors of Fibrous dysplasiaBenign osseous lesions include fibrous dysplasia, a fibro-osseous lesion that can affect any bone, can be mono- or polyostotic, and can have a ground-glass appearance at CT. Osteomas are slow-growing osteogenic lesions composed of mature bone. They are hyperattenuating at CT and most commonly manifest in the frontal and ethmoid sinuses …May 7, 2024 · Bone mass will increase with age, but symptoms generally do not appear to affect health, brain function, or lifespan. A diagnosis of adult osteopetrosis is usually made based on bone abnormalities noted on imaging studies that are done for another purpose. Some people are diagnosed after developing osteomyelitis of the jaw. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a congenital disorder arising from sporadic mutation of the α-subunit of the Gs stimulatory protein. Osseous changes are characterised by the replacement and distortion of normal bone with poorly organised, structurally unsound, fibrous tissue. The disease process may be localised to a single or multiple …CT imaging also provides superior depiction of osseous structures, and may be preferred over MR imaging in patients with a suspected osseous abnormality . Our CT imaging protocol for TOS is shown in Table 18.1. Iodinated IV contrast is required for CT, and as with MR imaging, the IV should be placed in the asymptomatic arm to minimize the ...Osseous: Having to do with bone, consisting of bone, or resembling bone. From . Healthy Resources. 10 Rheumatoid Arthritis SymptomsPurpose To review the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in eight patients who developed marrow lesions after undergoing physiotherapy with use of ultrasound diathermy. Materials and Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and MR images of eight patients (six women and two men aged 22–69 …Surface-rendered 3D images in vascular algorithm (by using a 3D image workstation Vitrea II, Vital Imaging) demonstrate capillary blush in the left vertex crossing the midline, left temporal-parietal skull, periorbital, and maxillary regions corresponding to the known facial port-wine stain (V1 and V2 distribution), as well as sites of osseous …osseous malformations and chromosome abnormalities i ii 717 2 3 â€¢ 6 - 12 trisomy 21 4 ii 5 x 13 19 14 20 15 21 \ 16 17 22 18 figure 4. Karyotype from patient with Down's syndrome. 47,XX,21+. Impairment of intrauterine growth is manifested by a lower than average birth weight for gestational age.Aug 10, 2019 · Because of the exquisite sensitivity of MRI for detecting osseous injuries, a streamlined screening protocol may be used to provide a rapid diagnosis, minimize costs, and enhance patient throughput. For this purpose, we employ a three-sequence trauma protocol using T1 and STIR sequences to show osseous abnormalities optimally. • Asymptomatic professional and collegiate hockey players were found to have high rates of soft tissue abnormalities on MRI, with 77 % having evidence of labral tears, osteochondral lesions, or common adductor-rectus tendon dysfunction. In addition, 39 % of these players had an abnormally high alpha angle [ 71 ].If true osseous bridging is present, both diagnostic modalities can identify the abnormality in all imaging planes with equal degree of confidence. MR imaging has the added benefit of detecting associated soft tissue abnormalities and reactive bone marrow changes across the fibrous or osseous bridge that can be occult on CT.Jul 1, 2011 · Purpose To review the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in eight patients who developed marrow lesions after undergoing physiotherapy with use of ultrasound diathermy. Materials and Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and MR images of eight patients (six women and two men aged 22–69 years) who received ultrasound diathermy treatment for a variety of soft ... The prevalence of cervical and thoracic congenital skeletal abnormalities in basal cell naevus syndrome: a review of cervical and chest radiographs in 80 patients with BCNS. Br J Radiol 1995; 68:596-599. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar; 3 Etter LE. Osseous abnormalities in the thoracic cage seen in forty thousand consecutive chest ...Occult osseous knee injuries, such as bone bruises, can produce persistent pain and functional loss. Although bone bruises cannot be identified through direct examination or traditional radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an effective diagnostic method. Nevertheless, the natural history of these injuries remains to be ...Heterotopic Ossification. Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs when bone tissue develops in your soft tissues. Often, people get HO after an injury or major surgery. Genetic HO is rarer and more severe. In HO, you develop a bony, painful lump underneath your skin. If the lump is near a joint, it may restrict your range of motion.Dec 29, 2022 · However, they can detect abnormalities (e.g., certain bone disorders, bone thinning). Alignment: X-rays taken while standing show the alignment of the knee joint and abnormalities in bone alignment. Malalignment can put excessive force on parts of the joint and accelerate arthritic changes. Joint spaces: The space between the bones seen on X ... Over time, the cartilage that connects the bone or bones underneath the cartilage can become damaged. This can lead to glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Key symptoms of this form of osteoarthritis ...Furthermore, imaging can help assess osseous alignment as well as the integrity of supportive soft tissue structures, such as tendons and ligaments, ... characterize, and accurately localize more subtle abnormalities. In particular, CT provides rapid, contiguous, and thin-section stacks of cross-sectional images that can be reformatted in ...Major osseous defect, unspecified site. M89.70 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM M89.70 became effective on October 1, 2023.Bone lesions are generally characterized as either aggressive versus non-aggressive bone lesions, with radiographs comprising much of the initial assessment.. Imaging features. When describing a bone lesion, some of its features reflect its biological activity.These characteristics include zone of transition (margins), cortical involvement, …A bone scan uses radioactive tracers and a special camera to detect changes in bone metabolism. It can help diagnose fractures, arthritis, cancer, infection, osteonecrosis and other bone conditions.Purpose. Our purpose was to explore the clinical significance of unexpected osseous foci on 18 F-FDG-PET without correlative CT abnormalities (FWCT) in patients referred for oncologic evaluation. The significance of FDG-avid foci without correlative CT abnormalities has been previously explored in tissues such as breast, lung, liver, and …The visualized osseous structures on chest CT which include the spine, ribs, sternum, scapula, and humerus should be examined on bone window settings (Level 600, Window 3000). Look at each one individually to see if it is fractured or contains a lytic or sclerotic lesion. The bones are reviewed on axial images, and the review is …The knee is one of the most studied anatomical structures by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bone abnormalities are very frequently detected, whether or not related to the symptoms for which imaging was indicated. The aim of this pictorial study is to review the most commonly observed bone abnormalities of the knee, bearing in mind …These findings suggest that ultrasound diathermy, and its interaction with bone tissue through thermal mechanisms, can cause focal bone marrow abnormalities. Furthermore, the bone marrow abnormalities seem to be transient, resolving upon cessation of ultrasound diathermy, therefore osteonecrosis should be differentiated from …Focal lesions in bone are very common and many of these lesions are not bone tumors. These bone tumor mimickers can include numerous normal anatomic variants and non-neoplastic processes. ... A subarticular abnormality in the superolateral aspect of the patella is known as the dorsal defect of the patella. It is seen in approximately 1% of the ...Although pathology is the gold standard for diagnosing systematic lymphatic abnormality-related osseous lesions, pathological diagnosis often requires large bone specimens. However, it is often difficult to obtain satisfactory pathological results clinically due to the sampling method, location, and tissue volume.31 Jul 2018 ... In this video, we will wrap everything up by talking about Oral Pathology lesions that affect the jaw bones, and first up are fibro-osseous ...Injuries of the hand and wrist are frequently encountered in radiology. Avulsions of the hand and wrist are a heterogeneous group of injuries, but they often have a characteristic imaging appearance that relates to the intricate bone and soft-tissue anatomy and the mechanism of injury. The imaging appearance and this intricate form and …Bone abnormalities of the knee: prevalence and significance at MR imaging Radiology. 1989 Jun;171(3):761-6. doi: 10.1148/radiology.171.3.2717748. ... A type 1 finding was a diffuse, often reticulated signal intensity loss in the metaphyseal and epiphyseal regions of bone. A type 2 loss was associated with an interruption in the smooth, black ...This advanced CT is indicated for the evaluation of cortex and trabecular bone detail. This review discusses causes of chronic foot pain ( Table 1 2, 3; Figure 1), their clinical presentations ...Metastatic Bone Disease. Cancer that originates in one area of the body, such as an organ, gland, or tissue, and then spreads to bone is called metastatic bone disease (MBD). Approximately 50% of cancers that start in an organ can spread (metastasize) to the skeleton. With improved medical treatment of many cancers — especially breast, lung ...Fibrous Dysplasia. Fibrous dysplasia is a benign (noncancerous) bone condition in which abnormal fibrous tissue develops in place of normal bone. As these areas of fibrous tissue grow and expand over time, they can weaken the bone — causing it to fracture or become deformed. Some patients with fibrous dysplasia experience few or no symptoms.Results: Osseous abnormalities were detected in 143 (45.7%) feet, 27 (18.8%) of which had osseous and CL injury alone, while the remaining 116 had CL related osseous injury and multiple injuries within the hoof capsule. Entheseous new bone and endosteal irregularity of the middle and distal phalanges were the most frequent types of …Pulmonary ossification is a rare finding and is characterized by the presence of mature bone in alveolar or interstitial spaces, either localized or disseminated throughout the lung parenchyma. It can be idiopathic ( idiopathic pulmonary ossification) or secondary to chronic lung, cardiac or systemic disorders.A severe bone fracture or a deep puncture wound gives bacteria a route to enter your bone or nearby tissue. A deep puncture wound, such as an animal bite or a nail piercing through a shoe, can also provide a pathway for infection. Surgery to repair broken bones or replace worn joints also can accidentally open a path for germs to enter a bone.8 Aug 2011 ... Fibrous dysplasia (FD), first described in 1983 by Lichten- stein8), is an uncommon benign fibro-osseous abnormality of the bone with an ...Degenerative changes in the spine are a form of osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis. Learn about the causes, symptoms and treatments of this …Learn about the common causes and risk factors of various bone diseases, such as genetics, age, sex, ethnicity, sex, occupation, environmental factors, bacteria, injury and overuse. Find out how these factors can affect your bone health and increase your risk for fractures and chronic pain.Bone mass will increase with age, but symptoms generally do not appear to affect health, brain function, or lifespan. A diagnosis of adult osteopetrosis is usually made based on bone abnormalities noted on imaging studies that are done for another purpose. Some people are diagnosed after developing osteomyelitis of the jaw.If true osseous bridging is present, both diagnostic modalities can identify the abnormality in all imaging planes with equal degree of confidence. MR imaging has the added benefit of detecting associated soft tissue abnormalities and reactive bone marrow changes across the fibrous or osseous bridge that can be occult on CT.Jan 5, 2010 · Results: Osseous abnormalities were detected in 143 (45.7%) feet, 27 (18.8%) of which had osseous and CL injury alone, while the remaining 116 had CL related osseous injury and multiple injuries within the hoof capsule. Entheseous new bone and endosteal irregularity of the middle and distal phalanges were the most frequent types of osseous ... The knee is one of the most studied anatomical structures by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bone abnormalities are very frequently detected, whether or not related to the symptoms for which imaging was indicated. The aim of this pictorial study is to review the most commonly observed bone abnormalities of the knee, bearing in mind …Bone metastasis is when cancer cells spread to the bones, often from breast, prostate and lung cancer. It can cause pain, broken bones, urinary and bowel …Heterotopic Ossification. Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs when bone tissue develops in your soft tissues. Often, people get HO after an injury or major surgery. Genetic HO is rarer and more severe. In HO, you develop a bony, painful lump underneath your skin. If the lump is near a joint, it may restrict your range of motion.Scott asks, "The crawlspace under our house seems abnormally cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Could the ductwork be leaking?"With enclosed crawlspace, it will stay cooler... Blurt. Answer (1 of 2): To put it simply, funny bones. Separating the words and defining them reveals them to mean:Osseous is an adjective which relates to bones, their structure or nature. Like many words in European languages, it derives from the Latin words for bone 'os' and 'ossis'.Abnormality is an adverb meaning 'not normality'. ... osseous abnormalities. Understanding the stages of spinal degeneration is crucial when dealing with acute osseous abnormality. Multilevel degenerative disc ... Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited (genetic) bone disorder that is present at birth. It is also known as brittle bone disease. A child born with OI may have soft bones that break (fracture) easily, bones that are not formed normally, and other problems. Signs and symptoms may range from mild to severe. There are at least 8 different ... Heterotopic Ossification. Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs when bone tissue develops in your soft tissues. Often, people get HO after an injury or major surgery. Genetic HO is rarer and more severe. In HO, you develop a bony, painful lump underneath your skin. If the lump is near a joint, it may restrict your range of motion.Osteoarthritis has often been referred to as a wear and tear disease. But besides the breakdown of cartilage, osteoarthritis affects the entire joint. It causes changes in the bone and deterioration of the connective tissues that hold the joint together and attach muscle to bone. It also causes inflammation of the joint lining.Tibia / injuries. One of the most common knee injuries is ligament tear, which may initially manifest as an osseous injury in radiographs. Radiologists should therefore be able to recognize ligament tears of the knee as osseous abnormalities in images. This review focuses on the imaging features of knee ligament inju ….

The diagnosis of a solitary bone lesion includes clinical, biological, and radiological signs, and then, of course, histology. From the first articles of Lodwick in 1968, using a computer program for the first time [ 1], the clever combination of well-analysed and well-recognized signs leads to an efficient diagnostic probability. Faced with a .... Juvenile court pima county

The relative contributions of the osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities are variable, but whatever component is dominant there is physical impingement and painful limitation of ankle movement. Conventional radiography is usually the first imaging technique performed and allows assessment of any potential bone abnormality, …Cyst-like lesions in the mandible, with the loss of trabecular structure, may lead to dental abnormalities. Extra-osseous extension of Gaucher cells secondary to the destruction of the cortical bone only occurs very rarely . Secondary bone tumors including osteosarcomas or osteoblastomas have been reported very rarely [89,90].Summary. Acromioclavicular osteoarthritis (AO) is a common type of arthritis that affects the shoulder. It happens when the cartilage wears down between the collarbone and the acromion, the bony ...Dystrophic scoliosis leads to severe curves, 4-6 sharply angulated vertebra, accompanied by osseous abnormalities (3,5,58). The management of nondystrophic scoliosis depends on the degree of curvature. For curves <20˚ the observation is enough, ...This most common form of arthritis mainly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine. There's no cure, but symptoms can be managed.There exists a whole range of abnormalities that can weaken the bone itself, related to diminished mineralization, decreased bone strength and toughness, loss of elastic resistance, or deficient bone architecture, or combinations of these, or alternatively, related to a breakdown in the normal mechanisms of bone repair (26,108,112).Mar 15, 2023 · a diet lacking calcium and vitamin D. smoking or using other forms of tobacco. drinking too much alcohol or caffeine. taking prednisone or phenytoin. Certain other conditions can also increase ... Grade 1 (Minor): Minimal or no joint space narrowing, with possible bone spur formation; Grade 2 (Mild): Possible joint space narrowing, with definite bone spur formation; Grade 3 (Moderate): Definite joint space narrowing, moderate bone spur formation, mild sclerosis (hardening of tissue), and possible deformation of bone ends; Grade 4 …Skeletal Dysplasia Overview. Skeletal dysplasia is the medical term for a group of about 400 conditions that affect bone development, neurological function and cartilage growth, including its most common form, achondroplasia. Signs include abnormal growth in the spine and skull, and in the long bones of the arms and legs, which can result in ...As the bone grows, the softer, fibrous tissue expands, weakening the bone. The abnormality causes uneven growth, brittleness and deformity in affected bones. Fibrous dysplasia is found equally in males and females and does not appear to vary in incidence among the races. Symptoms and risk factors of Fibrous dysplasia... osseous abnormalities. Understanding the stages of spinal degeneration is crucial when dealing with acute osseous abnormality. Multilevel degenerative disc ....

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