Pain Management - Pain management can include medications, surgery, acupuncture, massage therapy or a combination of approaches. Read about options for pain management. Advertiseme...We’re open 7 days a week with late weeknight and weekend hours. Make regular massage, stretch, and skin care part of your self-care routine. Take the next step and book an appointment at your local Massage Envy - Sacramento - Natomas franchised location. Sacramento, CA …Blys is the fastest, easiest and safest way to get a professional massage in Sacramento. We deliver the best massages to your doorstep from $119 – by connecting you to a trusted & qualified therapist in your local area. No phone calls, no cash payments, no stress about finding the right therapist or making the journey … 2 reviews of Happy SPA "I love Happy SPA. Every time I fly into Sacramento I am sure to visit! It is very clean environment and the massage therapists are very attentive and accommodating. Pricing is fantastic. My time there is always a highlight of my trip. Thank you Happy SPA and I look forward to visiting again soon." Call (916) 371-6668 For an Appointment CCMT# 42925: Our Location 830 Jefferson Blvd. #30 West Sacramento, CA (916) 371-6668 Welcome to Trinity Touch Massage! From the moment you enter our facility, you will find yourself in a special place where health and beauty are combined to create a totally unique therapeutic experience! 'Looking to get a soothing Swedish/Prenatal Massage or a restorative Lymphatic Drainage/Deep Tissue or Sports Massage you've come to the right ... Knead to Know: 9 Heavenly Chinese Massages in Sacramento. 11. Massage Envy. 2051 Arena Blvd Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95834 ( Google Maps) (916) 568-6252. Visit Website. Looking for a place to unwind and relax after a long day at work or a strenuous exercise routine, Massage Envy is the perfect place to …Apr 24, 2023 · Magic Massage Spa Retreat. 1510 J St Suite #140, Sacramento, CA 95814 ( Google Maps) (916) 442-3789. Visit Website. Magic Massage Spa Retreat is a top-notch Chinese massage spot that offers a variety of massages, including Thai massages. The spa is clean, and the atmosphere is peaceful and calming. Best Massage in West Sacramento, CA 95691 - Oriental Charm Massage, Sky Massage, Sacramento Massage Studio, Harbor Massage, Happy SPA, Asha Urban Baths, Mae's Acupressure Massage & Acupuncture, Thai Massage & Spa Retreat, Harmony Massage, Freeport Massage Massage therapy is an ancient healing art that has been practiced for centuries in different parts of the world. In the United States, most states require that massage therapists h...Our massage therapists will use the client’s body as a form of canvas onto which they choreograph slow, detailed moves of varying paces and pressures. There are a number of different styles of four-hand massage. 60 min $165. BOOK NOW. 90 min $227.LOCATION 2301 J Street - Suite 100 Sacramento, CA, 95816 Get Directions. Contact Us (916) 628-4662 Schedule Now [email protected] what people in Sacramento are saying about their experience with Wonderful Massage at 4335 Elkhorn Blvd - hours, phone number, address and map. ... Wonderful Massage - 4335 Elkhorn Blvd, Sacramento. California Sun - 7903 Walerga Rd Unit #103, Antelope. Catch Your Breath Massage - 5165 Thomasino Way, Antelope.Top 10 Best massage places Near Sacramento, California. 1. Sacramento Massage Studio. “It has always been hard for me to find a massage place that I absolutely love.” …Knead to Know: 9 Heavenly Chinese Massages in Sacramento. 11. Massage Envy. 2051 Arena Blvd Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95834 ( Google Maps) (916) 568-6252. Visit Website. Looking for a place to unwind and relax after a long day at work or a strenuous exercise routine, Massage Envy is the perfect place to go.The first microcomputer was invented by a team led by Bill Pentz at Sacramento State University in 1972. It was called the Sac State 8008. However, other models of the microcompute...Therapeutic Massage and Prenatal Massage. Therapeutic Massage and Prenatal Massage. 2280 Vehicle Dr, Suite 110, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, United States (916) 544-8009 (916) 544-8009. Home; About Us/Testimonials; Our Services; Book Online; Our products; Store; For Companies; Memberships. Contact Us; More. Home; About Us/Testimonials;... massage in a well-balanced healthcare system. Links. Top; Service; Testimonials; About; Contact; Client Login. Have a Questions? 2224 J Street Sacramento, CA ...Offerings. Tantric Massage. Reconnect to your depth and power, rooted in love. This one way touch experience is intended to bring you into deeper connection to your body & spirit as well as clear stuck energy stored in the pelvis. Modalities shared in this offering individualized to each seeker can include; full body massage, lingam/yoni ...Discover Daura Healing, a massage therapist in Sacramento, CA. Book a relaxing and healing massage session on MassageBook. See photos, reviews, and availability.See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Massage Downtown in Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Sacramento Massage Studio, Infinite Wellness, Now + Zen Acupuncture, Baanpo Thai Massage, Trü Encompass Beauty, Thai Massage & Spa Retreat, Mind Body Harmony Massage, Massage Envy - …Rubmaps: Your Source for Body Rubs and Massage Services in Sacramento. Welcome to Rubmaps, your premier destination for finding body rubs, Thai and Asian massage services in Sacramento, California. Whether you’re looking to relax and unwind after a long day or seeking relief from muscle tension, Rubmaps is your one-stop resource for finding ...Top 10 Best massage places Near Sacramento, California. 1. Sacramento Massage Studio. “It has always been hard for me to find a massage place that I absolutely love.” …Active Bodywork is the targeted therapy destination in Sacramento that keeps you healthy + on track toward your fitness goals. ... Sports Massage is a preventive therapy that addresses a variety of issues, including muscle tone, balance, symmetry, and range of motion. Targeted therapies can reduce or relieve pain, release …Regular massage therapy also increases serotonin levels, believed to play an important role in the regulation of mood, sleep and appetite. Massage for headaches can also reduce muscle spasms and trigger points. So …Apr 5, 2023 ... He has been a real-time reporter based at The Sacramento Bee since 2016. Regular massage therapy also increases serotonin levels, believed to play an important role in the regulation of mood, sleep and appetite. Massage for headaches can also reduce muscle spasms and trigger points. So schedule your Massage therapy Session in Sacramento, Ca with Katrina today! Relieve Your Pain: Book Here. Rules of Engagement Body lotions offer numerous benefits for the skin, ranging from moisturizing and rehydration to soothing and smoothy rough patches. The massaging motions you use to apply body loti...In an Asian massage parlor, it is perfectly acceptable to speak as you would in any other massage parlor. Always use respectful language and do not be overly friendly in speech or ...In today’s fast-paced world, finding time to relax and unwind is essential for maintaining a healthy mind and body. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is through massag...If you’re looking to become a massage therapist but can’t find a school nearby, you may be at a loss as to how to start your career. This can be particularly true if your schedule ...Mexican massage therapy utilizes techniques that have been adopted from healing practices used by ancient Mayan and Aztec healers and spiritual advisors. Sobadoras act as untrained...See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Full Service Massage in Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Touched By T, Healing Through Touch Massage, Lily Thai Massage&Wellness Studio, Addicted To Massage, European Gold Massage Therapy, Sacramento Massage Studio, Asha Urban Baths, Lisa …Therapeutic Massage and Prenatal Massage. Therapeutic Massage and Prenatal Massage. 2280 Vehicle Dr, Suite 110, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, United States (916) 544-8009 (916) 544-8009. Home; About Us/Testimonials; Our Services; Book Online; Our products; Store; For Companies; Memberships. Contact Us; More. Home; About Us/Testimonials; Rubmaps: Your Source for Body Rubs and Massage Services in Sacramento. Welcome to Rubmaps, your premier destination for finding body rubs, Thai and Asian massage services in Sacramento, California. Whether you’re looking to relax and unwind after a long day or seeking relief from muscle tension, Rubmaps is your one-stop resource for finding ... Sun Health Massage - Sacramento, CA - YelpIf you are looking for a relaxing and affordable massage in Sacramento, look no further than Sun Health Massage. They offer a variety of services, from Swedish to deep tissue, to suit your needs and preferences. You can also enjoy their clean and comfortable facilities, friendly staff, and easy online booking. Read what their customers have to say and ... Massage in Sacramento 72 massages near me in Sacramento, CA Sort by: Top Picks Top Picks Review Score Price Featured Deal Gilded Roots Studio (118) Sacramento, CA 95818 1.6 miles away Loading... Deal 60 min from $25 ...Active Bodywork is the targeted therapy destination in Sacramento that keeps you healthy + on track toward your fitness goals. ... Sports Massage is a preventive therapy that addresses a variety of issues, including muscle tone, balance, symmetry, and range of motion. Targeted therapies can reduce or relieve pain, release …Siri Thai Massage & Bodywork. 5 rating with 240 votes. 5.0 (240) Mangan Park, Sacramento. Massage. Vana Vari Massage & Bodywork. 5 rating with 213 votes. 5.0 (213) ... Other businesses in Old North Sacramento Other businesses around Old North Sacramento. Tattoo & Piercing. Beauty Salons. Men's Haircuts. Women's Haircuts. Hair Braiding. Hair ...Welcome to Vilospa, your oasis of tranquility and revitalization. Immerse yourself in our inviting space, designed for ultimate serenity, and let the expert touch of our massage therapists melt away the stresses of daily life. Whether you seek rejuvenation, relief from tension, or a moment of self indulgence, Vilospa is dedicated to providing an unparalleled massage experience …Apr 23, 2014 ... Colby Robinson from Group 70 at our Sacramento campus talks about his journey finding Massage Therapy as a career.Submit an obit for publication in any local newspaper and on Legacy. Click or call (800) 729-8809. Browse Sacramento local obituaries on Legacy.com. Find service information, send flowers, and ...See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Massage in Florin Rd, Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Siri Thai Massage & Bodywork, Ruby Massage & Spa, Lily Thai Massage&Wellness Studio, Princess Day Spa, Relax Station 2, The Healing Touch Massage Therapy, Nice Spa, Happy Day Spa, Asha Urban Baths, Yo …Massage & Waxing Day SPA (916) 913-9343 office (916) 298-5836 5330 Madison ave Ste A, Sacramento, CA, 95841 email: [email protected] HOURS OF OPERATION: Monday - Friday: 10am-9pm Saturday and Sunday : by appointment only last appointment at 9.00pmGolden Ratio Massage & Herbal Bliss. (1) Sacramento, CA 95608 9.5 miles away. Loading... 60 min. from $70. Availability. Details.The Sacramento Police Department’s problem-oriented policing team, or POP team, went undercover and investigated the Ocean Spa Massage Parlor off South Land Park Drive near 13th Street …101 reviews and 40 photos of Thai Massage & Spa Retreat "Close to Golden Center. I work downtown and have found this to be the best place to go for a detoxing, relaxing, professional massage. Staff is amazing. Great Thai and regular massage. Price very affordable. Recommend for everyone. Will leave feeling …Massage therapy business, offering sensual relaxing massage therapy services. Located in Sacramento, California. Sensual Massage Therapy. If you're feeling sore and are having problems with stress or fatigue, ... Felicia's Massage Therapy Sacramento, CA 95833: Cell: (916) 224-2069:Dec 12, 2022 ... BODY MASSAGE OUR LOCATION: PRINCESS DAY SPA 6840 65th St, ste 135. Sacramento, CA 95828. Open 7 Days A Week. FROM 10 A.M TO 9 P.M. (Last ...Massage in Sacramento 74 massages near me in Sacramento, CA Sort by: Top Picks Top Picks Review Score Price Featured Deal Gilded Roots Studio (118) Sacramento, CA …12 reviews and 22 photos of Yan Angel Massage "best massage never forget，i had fun there， the place was warm and clean the lady was fine"See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Mobile Massage in Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Touched By T, Healing Through Touch Massage, European Gold Massage Therapy, The Healing Touch Massage Therapy, Revive Therapy Massage, Jodie L Martinez, CMT - Massage & Bodywork Integration, …Lily Thai Massage&Wellness Studio. 4.9. (150 reviews) Massage Therapy. Reflexology. The Pocket-Greenhaven. This is a placeholder. “She did a combination of massage styles including deep tissue, Thai, cupping and hot stones. She” more.Diamond-Grade Deep Tissue & Sports Massage. $190 90min. PREPAID SERVICES that are canceled will receive a CREDIT ON ACCOUNT and the credit will be used if the cancelation is within 24 hours of your appointment. Designed to remove severe tension, deep tissue massage is a technique used to relieve. Massage Therapists in California. Use our massage online booking to find massages near you. Find and book highly rated professional massage therapists, reflexologists, bodyworkers and more. Discover massage therapy near you at MassageBook today. Discover Daura Healing, a massage therapist in Sacramento, CA. Book a relaxing and healing massage session on MassageBook. See photos, reviews, and availability.Apr 24, 2023 · Magic Massage Spa Retreat. 1510 J St Suite #140, Sacramento, CA 95814 ( Google Maps) (916) 442-3789. Visit Website. Magic Massage Spa Retreat is a top-notch Chinese massage spot that offers a variety of massages, including Thai massages. The spa is clean, and the atmosphere is peaceful and calming. Siri Thai Massage & Bodywork. 5 rating with 240 votes. 5.0 (240) Mangan Park, Sacramento. Massage. Vana Vari Massage & Bodywork. 5 rating with 213 votes. 5.0 (213) ... Other businesses in Old North Sacramento Other businesses around Old North Sacramento. Tattoo & Piercing. Beauty Salons. Men's Haircuts. Women's Haircuts. Hair Braiding. Hair ... Sacramento, CA 95834. (916) 568-6252. Open Now - Closes at 8:00 PM. All Locations. CA. Sacramento. 2511 Fair Oaks Blvd. Massage Envy Spa at 2511 Fair Oaks Blvd offers customized massages in Sacramento, CA and the nearby area. Book your appointment today. Massage Envy Spa at 2511 Fair Oaks Blvd offers customized massages in Sacramento, CA and the nearby area. ... Massage Envy - Sacramento-Arden. 4383 Arden Way. Sacramento, CA 95864. US. 2.66 mi to your search. Get Directions to 4383 Arden Way Sacramento, CA. phone (916) 971-3689. Call Telephone.We offer deep tissue massage and Swedish Oil Massage. top of page. iMassage & Spa. Call Us to Schedule. Home. Type of Treatment. Products. Photo Gallery. Notes about us. ... 1589 West El Camino Ave #103 Sacramento, CA 95833. [email protected] (916) 696-6864. Home: Contact ©2019 by I Massage & …The Sacramento Police Department’s problem-oriented policing team, or POP team, went undercover and investigated the Ocean Spa Massage Parlor off South Land Park Drive near 13th Street …Read what people in Sacramento are saying about their experience with Wonderful Massage at 4335 Elkhorn Blvd - hours, phone number, address and map. ... Wonderful Massage - 4335 Elkhorn Blvd, Sacramento. California Sun - 7903 Walerga Rd Unit #103, Antelope. Catch Your Breath Massage - 5165 Thomasino Way, Antelope.In today’s fast-paced world, finding time to relax and unwind is essential for maintaining a healthy mind and body. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is through massag...In today’s fast-paced world, finding time to relax and unwind is essential for maintaining a healthy mind and body. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is through massag...Full body lymphatic massage. A gentle lymphatic drainage massage for lymphedema and other swelling ... 1 hr 30 min. $200. Book Now. Cupping, Post-op care, lymphatic drainage, deep tissue, relaxing massage, and more. Safe space bodywork downtown Sacramento 717 K st. near DOCO and Macy's.The Massage Guy. 4.9 (25 reviews) Claimed. $$ Massage. Open 9:30 AM - 6:00 PM. See hours. See all 8 photos. Add photo. Save. Top 10 Best Massage Spa in East Sacramento, Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Asha Urban Baths, Sacramento Massage Studio, Blue Tangerine Spa, The Honey Throne, Zen Massage, YaShu Massage, Magic Massage Spa and Retreat, All Seasons Day Spa, Mae's Acupressure Massage & Acupuncture, Enlighten Bodhi Spa Best Massage in West Sacramento, CA 95691 - Oriental Charm Massage, Sky Massage, Sacramento Massage Studio, Harbor Massage, Happy SPA, Asha Urban Baths, Mae's Acupressure Massage & Acupuncture, Thai Massage & Spa Retreat, Harmony Massage, Freeport Massage Discover Daura Healing, a massage therapist in Sacramento, CA. Book a relaxing and healing massage session on MassageBook. See photos, reviews, and availability. Top 10 Best massage spa Near Sacramento, California. 1. Asha Urban Baths. “I had a full body massage with Cameron. It was good pressure was great and I was so relaxed.” more. 2. Dolce Vita Medical Spa and Luxury Day Spa. 3. Sacramento Massage Studio. Our massage therapists will use the client’s body as a form of canvas onto which they choreograph slow, detailed moves of varying paces and pressures. There are a number of different styles of four-hand massage. 60 min $165. BOOK NOW. 90 min $227.Sacramento massage therapist Mae Hu is the owner of Mae’s Acupressure Massage & Acupuncture located at 1007 7th Street, Suite 212, Sacramento California 95814. To …Sacramento Massage Body Mechanic. Spas. 28. Natural Head Spa. Spas. 29. Q Spa. Spas. 30. Health & Beauty Medical Spa. Spas. 1. 2. 3. Showing results 1-30 of 67. What travelers are saying. Riley Z. 1 contribution. 1. Breathe and Bathe. This is one of the finest and most relaxing establishments in all of …The NHI Sacramento massage therapy school campus is located in a quiet and serene professional building with a lovely outdoor courtyard with a beautiful pond, bridge, and ducks. Right across the boulevard is Arden Mall, with dozens of restaurants within walking distance, including Season’s 52 and Mikuni’s, two of …Massage Prenatal Massage Therapeutic Massage Thai Massage Acupressure Foot Massage. Siri Thai Massage & Bodywork. 5.0. (204) 5665 Freeport Boulevard, 5, Sacramento Mangan Park, 95822, California. Head, Neck, and Shoulder Massage - (30 min) 30min. $50. Thai Foot Massage (Reflexology) - …Traffic Details. Select a point on the map to view speeds, incidents, and cameras. Sacramento traffic reports. Real-time speeds, accidents, and traffic cameras. Check conditions on key local routes. Email or text traffic alerts on your personalized routes.2528 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95816. Deep Tissue. Why choose this provider? Better Living Massage Therapy is a massage clinic serving in the …1024 Florin Road (Lake Crest Village) Inside Simone Salon&Spa; Sacramento , CA 95831. (916) 291-6894. License: #BSN,LMTC certificate#76253,MMTC. Find us on: ShareThis Copy and Paste. Lily Thai Massage&Wellness; Studio massage services in Sacramento, CA. I am the professional massage therapist BSN,LMTC …Regular massage therapy also increases serotonin levels, believed to play an important role in the regulation of mood, sleep and appetite. Massage for headaches can also reduce muscle spasms and trigger points. So …Top 10 Best Lymphatic Massage Near Sacramento, California. 1. Jungle + Grace Massage Studio. “about post-op recovery but she made me feel comfortable throughout the whole lymphatic massage .” more. 2. Dolce Vita Medical Spa and Luxury Day Spa. Top 10 Best Massage Therapist in Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Mae's Acupressure Massage & Acupuncture, Sacramento Massage Studio, Lisa Souza, CMT, Healing Through Touch Massage, Touched By T, Rize Therapy, Relating With Grace, Siri Thai Massage & Bodywork, Flawless by Machelle, European Gold Massage Therapy Specialties: I am professional massage therapist specialized :thai traditional massage,swedish,deep tissue,hot healing stone,acupressure,sport massage,thai reflexology,prenatal massage,east - west therapeutic and medical massage Established in 2018. I am the professional massage therapist.
Lymphatic massage. Helps swelling, inflammation, boost your immune system. Recovery in Post op- all aftercare. BBl, 360 lipo, breast, tummy tuck, face lift, .... What planting zone is maryland
Specialties: Welcome to try our professional and relaxing massage! Our CMT massage therapist will use slow strokes and deep finger pressure to relieve tension from the deepest layers of your muscles and connective tissues. By focusing on relieving trigger points can reduce your pain from works. We can provide different strength level massage according to your needs, we also …Top 10 Best Japanese Massage in Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Asha Urban Baths, Harmony Massage, The Healing Touch Massage Therapy, Intense Therapy, Daily Dose Massage Therapy, Esthetics by Jeanette, Touched By T, Shang Hai Massage, Perfect Day Spa, JoJo MassageTop 10 Best Lymphatic Massage Near Sacramento, California. 1. Jungle + Grace Massage Studio. “about post-op recovery but she made me feel comfortable throughout the whole lymphatic massage .” more. 2. Dolce Vita Medical Spa and Luxury Day Spa. Welcome to Trinity Touch Massage! From the moment you enter our facility, you will find yourself in a special place where health and beauty are combined to create a totally unique therapeutic experience! 'Looking to get a soothing Swedish/Prenatal Massage or a restorative Lymphatic Drainage/Deep Tissue or Sports Massage you've come to the right ... 1. Sacramento Massage Studio. First on the list is Sacramento Massage Studio . Located at 2301 J St., Suite 100 in Boulevard Park, the massage therapist and reflexologist spot is the highest-rated ...Top 10 Best Massage in Natomas, Sacramento, CA - February 2024 - Yelp - Le Blanc Day Spa, Massage Heights, Natomas Massage, New Happy Day Spa, Happy Day Spa, Sakura Massage, Sacramento Massage Studio, Iggy One Therapy Massage Center, iMassage & Spa, Gentle MassageThe what is Energy Bodywork? Bodywork Massage-Sciatica-Back Pain in Sacramento at Release the Pain, with Vicki Mah. What IS Bodywork Massage?Founded in 1967 as a painting business in Sacramento, California, Servpro has grown from its humble beginnings to become a globally recognized leader in the restoration industry. S...Ivan Lal. (3) RKS SALON. Sacramento, CA. Redo Search Here. Find a Massage professional near you. Check out their specialties and book an appointment online easily!Welcome to Vilospa, your oasis of tranquility and revitalization. Immerse yourself in our inviting space, designed for ultimate serenity, and let the expert touch of our massage therapists melt away the stresses of daily life. Whether you seek rejuvenation, relief from tension, or a moment of self indulgence, Vilospa is dedicated to providing an unparalleled massage experience …See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Independent Massage Therapist in Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Massage By Brie, Married To Massage, Addicted To Massage, Therapeutic Massage By Marisa M., Massage by Zenia, Kimberly Rose Massage, JoJo Massage, Touch Therapy, Apple Thai Massage, …See more reviews for this business. Best Massage in Sacramento, CA 95831 - Oasis massage, Rosie Day Spa, The Healing Touch Massage Therapy, Freeport Massage, Asha Urban Baths, Healthyland Massage, Zen Day Spa, Tea Spa, Happy Hour Foot Spa, Healing Touch.Massage in Sacramento 74 massages near me in Sacramento, CA Sort by: Top Picks Top Picks Review Score Price Featured Deal Gilded Roots Studio (118) Sacramento, CA …See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Therapeutic Massage in Sacramento, CA - February 2024 - Yelp - Mae's Acupressure Massage & Acupuncture, Sacramento Massage Studio, Dolce Vita Medical Spa and Luxury Day Spa, Healing Through Touch Massage, Asha Urban Baths, Lisa Souza, CMT, …See more reviews for this business. Top 10 Best Massage in Sacramento, CA - March 2024 - Yelp - Mae's Acupressure Massage & Acupuncture, Sacramento Massage …Apr 24, 2023 · Magic Massage Spa Retreat. 1510 J St Suite #140, Sacramento, CA 95814 ( Google Maps) (916) 442-3789. Visit Website. Magic Massage Spa Retreat is a top-notch Chinese massage spot that offers a variety of massages, including Thai massages. The spa is clean, and the atmosphere is peaceful and calming. Blys is the fastest, easiest and safest way to get a professional massage in Sacramento. We deliver the best massages to your doorstep from $119 – by connecting you to a trusted & qualified therapist in your local area. No phone calls, no cash payments, no stress about finding the right therapist or making the journey …Massage chairs have become increasingly popular as a convenient way to enjoy the benefits of a massage in the comfort of your own home. These innovative chairs are designed to repl....